Poverty was highest among seniors, Latinos, and less-educated adults. Safety net programs reduce poverty most in inland areas: without them, poverty would be 15.2 points higher in the Central Valley and Sierra regions, but only 5.7 points higher in the Bay Area.Across legislative districts, rates differ greatly (5.0% to 21.2%). Los Angeles (13.7%) and Orange (13.1%) Counties had the highest poverty rates the Central Valley and Sierra region had the lowest (9.3%), largely due to lower housing costs. Poverty rates vary widely across the state.Most safety net programs prioritize children-and in fall 2021 these programs kept 19.7% of children (about 1.7 million) out of poverty.Through temporary monthly payments to families with children, the federal CTC lowered poverty by 1.8 points the federal Earned Income Tax Credit lowered poverty by 1.1 points. CalFresh kept 1 million Californians out of poverty (2.6%), up from 500,000 in 2019, due to both temporary and ongoing changes. In fall 2021, about 3.9 million more Californians (10.3%), would have been in poverty without safety net programs.Without social safety net programs, more Californians would live in poverty. Deep poverty-the share of families with less than half the resources to meet basic needs-fell from 4.6% in 2019 to 3.3%.The rate of Californians who were near poor (with resources up to one and a half times the CPM poverty line) fell slightly, from 17.6% in 2019 to 17.0% in 2021.In fall 2021, 28.7% of residents were poor or near poor, down from 34.0% in 2019.More than a quarter of Californians are living in or near poverty. The 2021 expansion of the CTC has expired, so poverty has likely increased in 2022.Official poverty, which does not reflect the role of these programs, increased from 10.5% in 2019 to 11.6%. Both the federal Child Tax Credit (CTC) and CalFresh food assistance increased benefits and expanded eligibility in response to COVID-19. Social safety net programs are primarily responsible for the large declines.Child poverty plunged from 17.6% in 2019 to 9.0% in fall 2021.About 4.5 million Californians remain under the CPM poverty line (about $36,900 yearly for a family of four).
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